Smart cities have created quite a splash and had an influence on society as a whole because many other cities are investing significantly in technology.  The goal of this OS project is to develop a cutting-edge OS that can make decisions and exchange information and will be utilised in the Hull City project, which involves many different systems. The deployment of a well-designed "Smart city OS project" OS will boost the community's standard of living and economic situation. Connexin, a technological business, Cisco, and the "Hull city council" have coordinated the project. All health care, transportation, and services to the public are under the control of the "Smart City OS project" OS project. Additionally, it offers a wealth of important data about the city to the locals.

Figure 1: UK SMart cities 

(Source: wired-gov, 2020)

Task 1: MANAGING PROJECTS 

1.1 Project Manager 

1.1.1 Assessing proficiency required for “Project Manager” 

Figure 2: Significance of Project management 

(Source: kissflow, 2022)

A project manager is an important key role to execute a project successfully in any organisation. Efficiency and the expertise of a manager lead the way to success for any project by handling the team member with sportsman spirit. In this Smart City project management, the manager needs to be an expert in the following skills to overcome the uncertain challenges of the project (Jayasena et al. 2019). A proper blueprint of the smart city project needs to be drawn in any smart city project by the proper planning skill of the manager. Also, the forecast of the risk helps to be prepared with the possible solution in advance to overcome the problems in the way of execution of the smart city project (Henkel et al. 2019). In the planning of the smart city project, the chosen manager must be a subject matter expert in the field of construction to evaluate the cost, possible ways to complete the work with the quality of the product and to approve a design that must accomplish the purpose of developing the smart city (Suifan et al. 2021). Communication skill is another important key skill to be a successful manager to handle the team member and the labour who are working on the smart city project. An expert project manager must have good listening skills to understand the viewpoint of the team member (Moradi et al. 2020). On the other hand, the manager must be a good speaker to motivate and establish their view in front of the team member based on previous experience. Time management skills must be an asset of a good leader to finish the project within the deadline. 

1.1.2 Ways to Achieve the Required Skills 

Achieving management skills for a manager is subject to concentrating on and improving the required skill in different ways. In this modern era of technology, the manager can enrol for different types of a crash courses to develop the skill (Layton et al. 2020). On the other hand, the expert in different field tends to arrange a seminar or webinar to spread the knowledge and experience of their carrier nowadays. Attending that seminar or webinar can help the manager to develop skills and gain experience from the expert. Arrangement of feedback from the team member in different periods and understanding the importance of the feedback can help to understand the mindset about the decision of the project (Timeus et al. 2020). It also helps to improve the communication between the leader and the team member. A growing manager must take the initiative to provide the required enjoyment and rest to the team member to motivate them and freshen their mind to work with more concentration. The manager can attain the training session to develop the technical skill for developing the smart city project. 

1.1.3 Representation of similar projects 

Manchester has established itself as a "Smart city OS project" by launching The Triangulum, an avant-garde OS. Both the economy and carbon emissions have been reduced as a result. The Triangulum project has received funding from Western Union under the name "Project Horizon 2020" (de Oliveira et al. 2019). The project will take five years and cost more than 25 million pounds to finish.

1.2 Management and Engagement of Stakeholders 

“Smart City OS project” the operating system is a complicated structure leading to new technological innovations and future lifestyle opportunities. The underlying "project manager" must be flexible to take key choices and reduce difficulties with the OS. Such sort of concepts fascinate stakeholders, and a "project manager" has to lay out plans based on their persistence by displaying numerous maps and concepts in direct view of everyone (Ferraris et al. 2020) essentially two categories of stockholders in a project like this: those inside and those outside. In this situation, internal shareholders include the CEO, executives, and workers, whereas outside shareholders include financiers, vendors, and customers. These persons are crucial to the success of the OS project. To effectively complete the "Smart City OS project" OS project, enthusiastic and fortunate participants are essential. The initiative requires ardent investors that are capable of participating in building support and mitigating the incident, resulting in a positive result. 

Figure 3: Stakeholder map for a business

(Source: appvizer, 2021)

The primary job of stakeholders is to contribute valuable expertise to a project for the business or corporation to achieve its goal. For example, "The hull city Council" is the only advocate of this "Smart City OS concept." To ensure that the project ran successfully, "The hull city council" directly monitored every aspect of the operation and obtained all of the required inventory (Mohammadi, and Taylor, 2019). The governing body is also in control of the budget, ensuring that the construction is completed on schedule.  The crew of the "Smart City OS project" OS undertaking, on the opposite conjunction, constitutes a shareholder. The group's role is to ensure that the work is completed correctly and under cost. Hull City Council's team has been charged with executing the "Smart City OS project" within the existing framework   (Preston et al. 2020.). Private businesses like Connexin and Cisco have been charged with getting the project up and running. Citizens' feedback on the system is critical since it helps to improve the framework if there is a flaw and determine whether it is accomplishing its primary aim.

1.2.1 Composing stakeholders by mapping them and engaging them in the project 

One of the undertaking's lethargic parts is investor the executives. It is demonstrated three aspects of stakeholder management. Focusing on the task, providing constant information about the ongoing work, and supervising the project (Denicol et al. 2020). For example, now and again, "project chiefs" come up short on the first-class benefits they need to keep their grasp on investors. At the point when labourers are saved money, the "project supervisor" once in a while loses influence, which makes an undertaking come up short (Derakhshan et al. 2019). A "project manager" may employ an analyst to oversee all project activities and evaluate staff performance; as needs be it might be summed up the activities of the financial backers the "project boss". "Project the executives" can give data about the condition of the continuous task by keeping an amicable relationship with the partner. The "Brilliant City operating system project" operating system project's progress can be influenced by a variety of different ideas and choices that can be applied to the project (Kaewunruen et al. 2019). For long-term project management, these five stakeholder models can assist a manager in managing and maintaining a "project manager" for a "Smart city OS project."

1.2.2 Interconnection with Stakeholders

Connecting with stakeholders for a Hull smart city project requires an aggressive and multifaceted strategy. According to Gorelova et al. (2021), to successfully communicate with stakeholders, it is necessary to determine significant stakeholders, develop a stakeholder involvement plan, carry out stakeholder analysis, construct connections, leverage current links and collaborations, establish communication channels, organise regular meetings and workshops, use technology for participation, empower community representatives, monitor and track stakeholder satisfaction (Shahrour and Xie,  2021). These steps will assist in identifying important stakeholders relevant to the project, creating a graphic representation of stakeholders, developing connections, and using existing networks and partnerships. Further, it helps to establish communication channels, organise regular meetings and training sessions, utilise technology for participation, empowering members of the community. Monitoring and tracking stakeholder satisfaction, participation levels, and feedback, and measuring and tracking the engagement of stakeholders. A "project manager" can gather multiple thoughts and ensure parties of their requirements by holding workshops and conversations with every stakeholder. 

1.2.3 Informed Decisions 

Figure 4: Informed decision making 

(Source: codot, 2022)

Making an informed choice necessitates systematic augmentations that support project risks, shareholder demands, and objectives. A "project manager" can use several different systems, including SWOT analysis and brainstorming. The manager uses the SWOT analysis technique to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the "Smart City OS project" OS project. On the other hand, organising a brainstorming involves collecting all stakeholders in one location, which results in ideas being applied to the project's improvement by the "project manager" (Stoll et al. 2020). Knowing all the hazards and vulnerabilities enables the "project manager" to take all the essential actions to enhance the project's outcome. This may affect completing the analysis, striving for direction from experts, or consulting loyal authorities of knowledge. (Cooper et al. 2019). Generate and investigate distinct sentiments or choices to lessons the ailment and evaluate the prospective edges and restrictions of each resort.  

1.3 Project Triangle 

1.3.1 Importance of Project Triangle 

The implication of the scheme triangle lies in the reality that these three aspects are interrelated and interdependent. Any difference or adjustment in one component will retain an influence on the other two. For illustration, improving the extent of a scheme without revising the time or fee restrictions will potentially result in agenda uncertainties and fee overruns. Likewise, the scheme triangle, again learned as the iron triangle or the treble restriction, is an essential idea in scheme surveillance (Papadaki et al. 2019). It embodies the three key aspects that must exist flat in any project extent, moment, and cost. The project triangle highlights the interdependence of these aspects and their influence on the overall conquest of a procedure.

Figure 5: Project Triangle

(Source: simplilearn, 2023)

Scope: The extent guides the specific purposes, deliverables, and prerequisites of a scheme (Moradi et al. 2020). It distinguishes what has to be performed and the perimeters within which the scheme employs. The implication of control extent is to provide that undertaking objectives specified field and approved, staving off extent slime which can direct to allotment raids, program uncertainties, and markers

Time: Time depicts the project's agenda or timeline for finishing homework and delivering the final development. It comprises the trait and sequencing of actions, analysis of homework durations, and funding of help (Iriarte et al. 2020). Governing moment is critical for assignment conquest as it assists in session deadlines, coordinating exercises virtually, and bypassing program slippages that can result in assignment outcomes.

Expenditure: Cost refers to the monetary help mandated to conduct the task successfully. It comprises various elements such as not, clothes, supplies, overheads, and contingencies. Governing scheme expenditures are important to provide that the technique stays within allotment limitations and that economic help is distributed efficiently. 

1.3.2 Liaison between various parameters of “the Project Triangle” 

It clarifies what requires to be performed and the labour required to accomplish the tech scheme's goals. Alters in the extent of a scheme can have significance for both moment and expenditure. Moment depicts the project's span or agenda, implying when each workout or landmark is foreseen to be conducted. The moment parameter is impacted by both the breadth and fee of a scheme. Improving the extent or counting other elements can augment the scheme timeline (Millán et al. 2020). Likewise, lessening expenses may need completing assignments in a subtle instant, directing to condensed agendas or briefer timelines.

1.3.3 Influence of Project Changes 

The "project manager" must be able to see and anticipate any significant changes. As a result, the assessed spending plan needs to expand and hire more workers if there are any changes during the scheduled time. On the other hand, if the cost angles are cut, the events and labour force segment need to be adjusted (Layton et al. 2020). The "project supervisor" works the structure of the "Shrewd City operating system project" operating system project by allowing Kotter to change the board. Therefore, for the project's success and timely completion, it is necessary to evaluate the "project manager's" scope, expenses, and time.

Task 2: MANAGING RESOURCES AND MITIGATING RISKS 

2.1 Managing Finances 

2.1.1 Assessing funds wanted for “Smart City OS project” OS project

Watching over the finances throughout the “Smart City OS project” management process is one of the most important responsibilities that must be fulfilled (Grimaldi and Fernandez, 2019). A "project manager" is responsible for keeping a careful check on the costs as well as ensuring that they do not spiral out of control. Because of this, we are going to be discussing how much money the "Smart City OS" project, which is an operating system, will cost.

2.1.2 ‘CET’ for “Smart city OS project” OS project 

A well-planned CET is essential for a "Brilliant city operating system project" operating system project to prevent the invasion of a task's financial plan. In bottom-up cost estimation a "project manager" and an analyst break down the total cost into smaller chunks before adding them up. By parcelling into restricted scope the "project boss" can without a doubt know the cost evaluations of each social occasion as required for the endeavor (Wideman, 2022). With the help of this methodology, project chiefs can recognize as well as, manage the financing game plan of an errand efficiently. Thus, to assess the expense assessment that can be executed in the ongoing task, the "project chief" removes the information from the past venture. To avoid wasting money, the "project manager" must always personally inspect the project (Willumsen et al. 2019). Here is the acceptable delineation of the cost appraisal strategy is the Triangulum Undertaking in Manchester which applied an external expense outpouring technique. 

2.1.3 Physical World Examples 

The Triangulum Project in Manchester, which utilised an additional expense emission approach, is a good representation of this type of cost evaluation methodology. The project was carried out in the United Kingdom. However, Future City Glasgow utilised the bottom-up CET that was available in the Smart OS (Paskaleva et al. 2021). Because of these capabilities, the "project manager" could monitor the carbon footprint of the city and put in place infrastructure that was on the cutting edge of technology.

2.2 Managing risk within the project

2.2.1 Risk chart of “Smart City OS project” OS project 

Table 1: List of Risk factors 

(Source: Self-made)

Analysis of the Table 

Table 1 lists the risk variables and level of risk related to Hull's "Smart City OS project" along with their relative weights. As the following table illustrates, there are several financial hazards, people management issues, as well as cyber security risks. To avoid problems, the "project manager" must develop project planning. These will help the project succeed as well as keep one step ahead of rivals.

2.2.2 Planning to Reduce the Risk Factors

Staff management at the workplace: Any activity must be managed effectively to be successful. Whenever workers are not properly managed, they may strike and sabotage ongoing projects (