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Game Of Life
This project is developed to develop a program in python that to make the game of Life. This game was invented by British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. (Izhikevich et al., 2015)
Game Description
In the classical Game of Life Universe there is a two-dimensional grid that has square cells and each state of cell is is either dead or alive. The dead cell is represented with 0 and the live cell is represented with 1. There are eight states that interact with each other and in each step taken the following changes occur:
- If there are less than two neighbours in a live cell, the cell dies due to underpopulation.
- If there are more than three neighbours in a live cell, the cell dies due to overpopulation.
- If there are two or three neighbours in a live cell, the cell continues to live.
- If a dead cell has exactly three neighbours, then the cell becomes alive again. (Izhikevich et al., 2015)
This game is assumed to be played on a Torus which means that the left border of the board is attached to the right border, and the top border of the board is attached to the bottom border. So the eight neighbours of the cell should be calculated using
- board[(i-1+n)%n][(j-1+n)%n],
- board[(i-1+n)%n][j],
- board[(i-1+n)%n][(j+1)%n],
- board[i%n][(j+1)%n],
- board[(i+1)%n][(j+1)%n],
- board[(i+1)%n][j],
- board[(i+1)%n][(j-1+n)%n],
- board[i][(j-1+n)%n].
As per the question the program is developed in python using the object- oriented approach. (Bassi, 2016)
Game of life class is defined which contains the board description and contains
member functions to create the first generation and update the generation through
user's choice
class GameOfLife
constructor for initialisation of board
def __init__(self,i):
# declaring board with 0 values first
self.board = []
# setting the size to 20x20
rows, cols = 20, 20
for k in range(rows):
col = []
for j in range(cols):
col.append(0)
self.board.append(col)
# depending on user input the function for the particular pattern will be called.
if(i ==1):
self.initialise_board1()
elif(i==2):
self.initialise_board2()
elif(i==3):
self.initialise_board3()
Function that will create the
first initial pattern of board
def initialise_board1(self):
print('PATTERN 1')
# the binary code for pattern 1
temp = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
, [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
, [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]
, [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
self.board = temp.copy()
""""
Function that will create the
second initial pattern of board
"""
def initialise_board2(self):
print('PATTERN 2')
# the binary code for pattern 2
temp1 = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0]
, [0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
self.board = temp1.copy()
""""
Function that will create the
third initial pattern of board
"""
def initialise_board3(self):
print('PATTERN 3')
# the binary code for pattern 3
temp2 = [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
,[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
]
self.board = temp2.copy()
"""
function defined to print the board
"""
def printBoard(self):
for k in range(20):
for l in range(20):
# if the value of pattern code is 1 then * will be printed
if(self.board[k][l] == 1):
print('* ', end="")
# if the value of pattern code is 0 then blank will be printed
elif(self.board[k][l] == 0):
print(' ', end="")
print('')
function defined to calculate the sum
of live neighbours in the torus board
def neighbourSum(self,i, j):
# the calculation for sum of live neigbours. the board is torus
neighbourTotal = self.board[(i-1+20)%20][(j-1+20)%20]+ self.board[(i-1+20)%20][j]+ self.board[(i-1+20)%20][(j+1)%20]+ self.board[i%20][(j+1)%20]+ self.board[(i+1)%20][(j+1)%20]+ self.board[(i+1)%20][j]+ self.board[(i+1)%20][(j-1+20)%20]+ self.board[i][(j-1+20)%20]
return neighbourTotal
function that will calculate the next pattern of generation
"""
def nextPattern(self):
# creating a temporary board first of size 20x20
tboard = []
rows, cols = 20, 20
for i in range(rows):
col = []
for j in range(cols):
col.append(0)
tboard.append(col)
# loop to check if each cell of board is alive or dead
for i in range(20):
for j in range(20):
# calling the neighbourSum function to get the total live neighbour count
nsum = self.neighbourSum(i,j)
# if the cell is alive
if(self.board[i][j] == 1):
# if the total neighbour is less than 2 or greater than 3 then the cell dies due to overcrowding
if(nsum<2 or nsum>3):
tboard[i][j]=0
# if the total neighbour is less than 2 or greater than 3 then the cell dies due to overcrowding
elif(nsum>=2 and nsum<=3):
tboard[i][j]=1
# if the cell is dead
else:
# if there are exactly 3 neigbours the cell becomes live again
if(nsum == 3):
tboard[i][j]=1
self.board=tboard.copy
The main function from where
the program execution begins
def main()
#creating 3 objects of class for 3 different patterns
game1 = GameOfLife(1)
game1.printBoard()
game2 = GameOfLife(2)
game2.printBoard()
game3 = GameOfLife(3)
game3.printBoard()
# creating another variable to store the objects based on user input
obj=None
# asking for input in while loop so that when user inputs any value other than 1 2 3 it keeps asking for valid input
while(1):
# using try except to check the user input
try:i = input("Please enter the pattern number between 1,2,3 you wish to play with: ")
# if condition to send the respective pattern object to class and the loop breaks.
if(i=="1" )obj=game1
break
elif(i=="2"):
obj=game2
break
elif(i=="3"):
obj=game3
break
else:
print("Wrong Input!")
# for wrong input exception is raised and the loop continues
except ValueError:
continue
# loop to keep printing next pattern if the user wants to continue
while(1):
# first the board is printed
obj.printBoard()
# user is asked if they wish to continue
ch=input("To print the next pattern enter Y/y. To end the game enter any other symbol: ")
if(ch=='Y' or ch =='y'):
# next pattern function is called.
obj.nextPattern()
obj.printBoard()
else:
exit()
# main function is called
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Output
First the three initial patters are printed on the output screen
Then the user is asked to enter the pattern number to play the game. The chosen pattern is printed again.
The user is then asked to enter Y/y if they wish to print the next pattern and any other symbol to exit the game. If they enter y the next pattern is printed.
After some number of iteration of printing the next pattern, it goes back to the initial pattern again.
If they enter any other symbol than Y/y the game exits.
Game Testing
The testing of the game has been done using where the user is allowed to draw the initial pattern and create the next generation pattern. So, pattern 1 was drawn and the subsequent patterns where matched with the program’s output which gave successful result.
References
Bassi, S. (2016). Introduction to object orienting programming (OOP). Python for Bioinformatics, 165–184.
Izhikevich, E., Conway, J., & Seth, A. (2015). Game of Life. Scholarpedia, 10(6), 1816.
Play John Conway's Game of Life. Play John Conway's. (n.d.). Retrieved September 15, 2022, from
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